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Ekta Parishad
("united forum") is a mass movement based on Gandhian principles of
non-violence. It mobilizes people (especially the poor and deprived
sections) on the issue of proper and just utilization of livelihood
resources (i.e. primarily land, but also forest, and water).
The majority of the
campaigns (called "morchas") continue year-round. Periodically there
are larger actions (such as padyatras - long marches, or rallies and
public meetings), that are designed to press the state government
into action.
The aim of the campaigns - small
and big - is to have the state implement existing land and
agriculture laws and policies or create new ones that are favorable
to the poor and landless.
Ekta Parishad has succeeded in its
land rights campaign in Madhya Pradesh in, setting up a state-wide
Task Force, in the distribution of over 150,000 land plots, in the
dropping of 64,000 cases against the tribal people and in halting
forest eviction. It has also constituted a Task Force in
Chhattisgarh and stopped forest evictions. It is working on land
distribution strategies in Bihar, Jarkhand, Orissa, Tamilnadu and
Kerala. Once the land is acquired Ekta Parishad promotes
self-reliant and decentralized development.
Ekta Parishad is a non-party
political entity. The organization is not trying to “grab power” per
se, although it has at different times provided backing to
candidates who support the land issue and pro-poor policies. It
promotes people’s politics and it is a non-party political
formation.
Rather Ekta Parishad sees itself as “deepening democracy” by
including the poorer sections in the governance structure. It is
increasing “the public space” for people to demand their rights
without having to align their loyalties to one or another party.
This stand is not uncommon in India politics. It was first
carticulated by a well-known Indian political scientist, Rajni
Kothari in the late 1970s who maintained that there was a strong
formation of “non-party political actors” in India.
The question arises as to how this formation stays together if it
does not have the target of electoral victory and state power? This
is basically because Ekta Parishad is constituted as a large number
of campaigns and advocacy programs that are helping groups of people
(as opposed to individuals) to struggle for different livelihood
issues on a large geographic scale -- in four states. Rajgopal as
the charismatic leader has taken on the task of bringing the
different state level organizations together around a set of common
strategies. Earlier on the campaign was focused on rights of tribal
communities, and later the agenda of livelihood rights evolved. More
recently Ekta Parishad has launched a land rights campaign, first in
1999 - 2000 in Madhya Pradesh, 2001 in Bihar, 2002 in Chambal Valley
in Madhya Pradesh, 2003 in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala
and later in 2004 in Orissa.
These land campaigns galvanized the people at the grassroots level,
with villagers along with local leaders and Ekta Parishad activists.
All of their particular demands have been put in the framework of
land reform. Land reform is a structural issue that provides much of
the glue related to people’s livelihood.
At the moment the paid membership is roughly 150,000 although there
is clearly a formation that crosses half a million persons. Ekta
Parishad is unique in that it is not calling for rights only for
tribals, or dalits or women. It is trying to build large formations
that bring people together and to oppose those that fracture groups
apart. This is a very unique and timely methodology. Rajgopal more
than anything else is known for “bringing people together”.
The inspiration that carries the organization is Gandhian. Based on
Gandhian values of decentralization and local self-reliance, and at
the same time it presses for active non-violence. The hope is that
in the long-term there will be a different kind of political culture
and leadership that emerges that is not based on the conventional
power politics and politics of exclusion. |